Population dynamics of foxes during restricted-area culling in Britain: Advancing understanding through state-space modelling of culling records.

Lethal control is widely employed to suppress the numbers of target wildlife species within restricted management areas.The success of such measures is expected to vary with local circumstances affecting rates of removal and replacement.There is a need both to evaluate success in individual cases and to understand variability and its causes.In Brit

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An adaptive instinctive reaction strategy based on Harris hawks optimization algorithm for numerical optimization problems

An adaptive Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm is proposed to solve the non-linearly constrained optimization problems.The algorithm, namely, instinctive reaction strategy based on HHO (IRSHHO), combines the instinctive reaction strategy nemacor maxx (IRS) with the HHO algorithm.In IRSHHO, the increment of step length decreases with the incr

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